The Link Between Early Drinking Age and Alcoholism Risk

The Link Between Early Drinking Age and Alcoholism Risk Addiction Alcohol Use Print The Link Between Early Drinking Age and Risk of Alcoholism By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on October 02, 2019 Westend61 / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Young people who start drinking before age 15 are significantly more likely to develop alcohol use disorders as adults than those who wait until after age 18, but researchers are not sure if early-onset drinking is a marker for higher risk or a direct risk factor. Researchers at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) examined data from a three-year study of 22,316 drinkers who are now 18 years or older. They looked at the associations between the first incidence of alcohol dependence or abuse and three age-of-first-drink groupsâ€"younger than 15, between 15 and 17, and 18 years or older. Drinking Before Age 15 Increases the Risk of Alcoholism The scientists were careful to control for other risk factors for developing drinking problems, such as family history, duration of exposure to alcohol and other childhood risk factors. The key finding of the NIAAA research was that people who started drinking before age 15 were 50% more likely to become alcohol dependent as adults. The same was true to a lesser extent for those who started drinking between ages 15 and 17. Impaired Executive Cognitive Function Past studies have often suggested that this association might result from common risk factors predisposing people to both early drinking and alcohol use disorders. Although the current study does not provide conclusive evidence that early drinking directly increases alcohol use disorder risk, it suggests that it is premature to rule out the possibility of such a direct effect. said Deborah A. Dawson, staff scientist at the NIAAA, in a news release. The NIAAA researchers believe that impaired executive cognitive function leads young people to make choices that lean toward the immediate pleasure associated with heavy drinking rather than choices to avoid the long-term risks of alcohol use disorders. But the question they have not answered is whether the impaired executive cognitive function leads to heavy early-onset drinking, or the early heavy drinking causes the impaired executive cognitive function. Alcoholism Prevention Should Target Younger Children Regardless, the NIAAA researchers conclude that prevention programs and public health policies should be targeted at children under age 15 and underage drinking, in general, to try to delay the onset of drinking alcohol as long as possible. The data support the notion of delaying the onset of drinking behavior as late as possible as an important principle for the prevention of alcohol use disorders later in life, said NIAAA researcher Howard B. Moss. More specifically, these findings provide the scientific basis for those prevention programs that focus on decreasing underage drinking, as well as supporting those public-health policies that are geared towards the prevention of underage drinking. Study Identifies Top Risk Factors for Teen Substance Abuse

Different Forms Of Government Treat Their Citizens

The amount of power that a government should have within a country has been argued throughout history. A mutualistic relationship between a government and its people is clear in almost every society in the world, yet, the dominance one entity has over the other varies from case to case. The United States’ foundation is based upon the fact that the Government works for the people in which actual citizens take part in maintaining a fair, unified authority, but this modern democracy has many pros and cons and is still not agreeably the best form of government. People’s opinions differ on how much say any given person should have on the decisions his or her county makes and the relationship a government should have with its people is very†¦show more content†¦The most shocking part of the novel in which doublethink is implemented is when the Party suddenly announces that Oceania is at war with Eastasia and no longer Eurasia. The part that is shocking is that once t he announcement is made about the change of countries, the people unquestionably change their previous hate towards Eastasia and immediately despise their once allies Eurasia. The unconditioned trust in the government truly shows how brainwashed the population is, and because of this trust the society is able to function successfully. The true patriotism of the citizens facilitates a lack of anguish over the harsh injustices from the government; everyone in Oceania is content with a brutal lifestyle and none dare to revolt against The Party. Winston shares how society functions successfully behind such a corrupt government when he says, â€Å"In a way, the world−view of the Party imposed itself most successfully on people incapable of understanding it†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"By lack of understanding they remained sane. They simply swallowed everything, and what they swallowed did them no harm, because it left no residue behind† (Orwell). Since the decisions that are made i n society are done completely by the government, the citizens of Oceania have to absorb whatever the Party announces as fact. With no thoughts about how life could become better the people coexist in a habitat in which they truly believe could not be improved. All injustice and conflict is diminished once people

Benefits Of A College Degree - 911 Words

Luke McKnight Composition I 7 November 2014 Researchers over the years nearly all say similar things, and that is that going to college will probably give you more opportunities to make money. You don t even need a fancy degree, or study to see it. A normal person with a bachelor s degree earns about $48,000 per year, compared with $27,000 for a high school graduate. Grads also have lower unemployment, from cases of lack of education, as of November 3. The labor field has always paid a number more, for college graduates, and that rate has grown sharply over the past years. People who study these trends say that, it is mostly due to skill-needed technology growing industries. And they have been changing the distribution of skills needed by employers. For example, employers have needed a larger number of highly educated workers to match their increasingly advanced technologies, as well as clever people to be able to work in increasingly intricate and connected markets. A college degree can serve as both proof of learned skills a nd a signal of innate analytical ability Skill-biased change aids most those already at the high end of the distribution of ability and preparedness, which is why it is widely viewed as one of the leading explanations for growing income inequality. Though college enrollments have been climbing steadily the trend only seems to be increasing for the young population, wheras the older population is a bit more stable. Only some of Americans who enrollShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of A College Degree1314 Words   |  6 Pages Benefits of a College Degree Earning a college degree is such an important step in life that it has become a central part of the â€Å"American Dream†. Go to college, get a job, buy a house, raise a family. It may not always be that simple, but it all starts with your college education.Earning a college degree is all about opening up opportunities in life. It repares you, both intellectually and socially, for your career and your adult life. benefits of a college include better career opportunitiesRead MoreBenefits Of A College Degree944 Words   |  4 Pagesworld, it is hard to imagine a child who is not going to college. The expectation of a child going to school is that he or she will get a good degree in their major of interest. It will never be a non-beneficial to anyone. Everyone in top position of the nation, companies, market and, college or university always have a good degree. They could have not been there today if they did not have a degree on hand. Therefore, having a college degree makes a great impact to people’s income, personality orRead MoreBenefits of a College Degree1447 Words   |  6 PagesOf course there are obvious benefits to getting a college degree such as better salary potential, greater ability to advance in ones career, the potential for greater job stability, and of course greater job satisfaction. These are some of the main reasons why I chose to continue my education and learnin g; however, these are not the only benefits that I have experienced. In reflecting on my educational experience I find that first studying business has prepared me to understand my functions as aRead MoreBenefits Of A College Degree862 Words   |  4 PagesThe number of high school graduates to go to college has begun to steadily decline in the past few years. Recent studies have shown that now only about sixty-six percent make the jump towards getting a degree. That means almost half the number of young adults don’t apply their selves and miss out on many opportunities for a better life. College has never not been an option for me and was a constant goal to work towards. I remember as a child dreaming about growing up and going to Clemson UniversityRead MoreBenefits Of Having A College Degree956 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant it is to go to college and get a degree. Private colleges have more academic benefits than public colleges because they have technological advancemen ts that public schools do not have. The benefits of having a college degree and higher education can help a person academically, socially, and achieve more opportunities. Every student would love to have the name Harvard or Harvey Mudd on his or her diploma, but the reality is that the vast majority of students end up at colleges with far less nameRead MoreBenefits of a College Degree Essay1411 Words   |  6 Pagesstudents have to make is whether to go to college or not. There are many factors that go into one’s decision. There are pros and cons to going to college and also there are pros and cons for not going to college. But the decision that will give someone the better opportunity to have a more successful life is to go to college. The money that one will earn after getting a college degree will be more than the money a person will make without getting a college degree. As our society has continued to evolveRead MoreCollege Education Has Become A Minimum Requirement1341 Words   |  6 PagesCollege education serves as the key to a successful future for individuals who are serious about it. It provides financial security and helps a perso n build a considerable reputation. Currently, college education has become a minimum requirement in securing a job in different companies. Is college really worth it? This is a question that many students start asking as college costs rise and jobs are harder to get. Despite these minor flaws, higher education provides many advantages in the long runRead MoreBenefits Of Attending College After High School1369 Words   |  6 PagesAM 29 April 2016 Benefits of Attending College After High School There are many benefits for students choosing college as their first step in your future after high school. Earning a college degree is an important step, both personally and professionally (Hussung, 2015). Having a higher education is valuable to an individual, families, and the community as well. Students who obtain a college education often have higher lifetime earnings and experience a variety of other benefits (â€Å"How Important†)Read MoreThe Importance Of A College Degree1181 Words   |  5 PagesA college degree is a certification of completion of state and or federal scholastic requirements. A degree informs the public a person has satisfied the necessary requirements to be considered a graduate of one of the sundry levels of edifying educational attainment. â€Å"Although colleges and universities of today carry a heavy price tag, it is of great importance not to let that discourage you from obtaining a college education† (McGuire, 2011). Importance of a College Degree As a matter of factRead MoreIs College Worth The Time And Money? Essay1308 Words   |  6 PagesWilliamson CR 11 3 Dec. 2016 Is College Worth the Time and Money? Colleges are everywhere—they are advertised middle and high schools, television ads show people satisfied with their college experiences, and parents ask their children what school they want to go to. In today’s society, college is expected for many, a necessity for others. People are told the only way to further a country is to educate. With tuition being a part of college, many question if college is worth all the money when there

How Can Global Thinking Support You Free Essays

How can Global Thinking support you? Inform The Global Thinking team offers fresh perspectives on learning from our long experience in diverse local and global contexts. Inspire We provide advice and training, resources and research to bring insight, challenge perceptions and enable creative thinking for 21st Century learning. Innovate We work in partnership with clients and education specialists on practical and innovative approaches for differing teaching and learning needs. We will write a custom essay sample on How Can Global Thinking Support You? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Global Thinking provides inspiration and innovation in global learning. Our specialist team provides training and consultancy to educators who enable young people to shape their futures in a fair and sustainable world. Education The term was increasingly applied to initiatives in international education and was advanced by  Stuart Grauer  in his 1989 University of San Diego publication, Think Globally, Act Locally: A Delphi Study of Educational Leadership Through the Development of International Resources in the Local Community. In this publication it was attribed to  Harlan Cleveland. 15]  It is said that this term was used by German-American  sociologist  Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy[citation needed]  in the 1950s or earlier, prior to the formation of the  United Nations Organization. It is not only corporations that are acknowledging the importance of environmental issues, but also the education system. Government officials and school boards across the world are beginning to develop a new way of teaching. Globalization is now thought of as an important concept to understanding the world. Certain schools believe it is important to discuss global issues as young as 5 years old. It is students who are our future, therefore understanding the concept of â€Å"think globally, act locally† is fundamental to our future. [16] Definition â€Å"Think globally, act locally†Ã‚  urges people to consider the health of the entire planet and to take action in their own communities and cities. Long before governments began enforcing environmental laws, individuals were coming together to protect habitats and the organisms that live within them. These efforts are referred to as grassroots efforts. They occur on a local level and are primarily run by volunteers and helpers. â€Å"Think Globally, Act Locally† originally began at the grassroots level, however, it is now a global concept with high importance. It is not just volunteers who take the environment into consideration. It is corporations, government officials, education system, and local communities. It is now extremely important to consider global markets and communities when doing business. Global markets and large corporations have one of the largest impacts on the environment, it is their influence and actions that are vital to the survival of our planet. Large corporations have the most impact on the environment, therefore â€Å"thinking globally and acting locally† can make a major difference in the survival of our planet. Warren Heaps states â€Å"it’s really important to recognize that markets are different around the world, and company compensation programs should reflect a balance between global corporate philosophy and local practice and culture†. 1] About the Department The Faculty of Arts and Letters is an institution of learning geared towards the development and fulfillment of the total person, the Universal Man, focusing on the Arts and the Humanities, mainly, and spreading out to include the sciences, social and natural, guided by Christian faith and avowed Thomasian ideals and the highest social, national, international and even glob al standards and objectives. The envisioned goal is the Colege’s turning out not only of learned but wisened individuals who, motivated by the highest standards of excellence, excel in their chosen fields, eventually becoming role models in society, potential leaders and achievers of the country, all in the spirit not only of personal but also social and more importantly, spiritual commitment. The Faculty’s goals and objectives are: An ideal confluence of mind, heart and spirit, in the service of the total rounded man. Expertise in one’s own chosen field and an adequate spreading out of interests, skils, concerns, in other, fields, allied of otherwise. An enhanced and enriched cultural background including a sense of history and tradition while being abreast with the modern technology of a network world. Ample exposure to and immersion in research as well as creative and critical endeavors. Sympathy and concern for the socially needy and handicapped through consistent efforts and interst in community service. Constant cultivation and preservation of Philippine values at the same time cognizant of what are timeless and universal. History The liberal arts and philosophy had been taught in the University of Santo Tomas since its foundation in 1611. The Faculty of Philosophy and Letters was established in 1896 and the College of Liberal Arts in 1926. In 1964, however these two colleges were merged and given the general name of Faculty of Arts and Letters. Courses offered then were Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Literature, and Bachelor of Philosophy. In the course of time, new majors were offered. In the academic year 1971 to 1972, the Faculty started to offer the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Asian Studies, Behavioral Science (which evolved form the originally offered LiA-Com), Communication Arts, Economics, Journalism, Literature, Philosophy,Political Science, Sociology, and Translation(which was eventually phased out). In 1994, another major, Legal Management, was created to serve the relevant needs of students who intend to go to law after graduation. And so, presently, ten majors are offered in the Faculty of Arts and Letters to wit; Asian Studies, Behavioral Science, Communication Arts, Economics, Jouranlism, Literature, Legal Management, Political Science, Philosophy, and Sociology. Common courses offered in the Faculty of Arts and Letters are designed to develop the minds and sensibilities of the students and to inculcate in them human values and the appreciation of the country’s cultural heritage in the light of Christian faith and tradition. Furthermore, they intend to provide the students with the necessary background for them to develop into informed, responsible, and concerned rounded citizens of this country, guided by the mission-vision not only of the College but more importantly, of the University of Santo Tomas. â€Å"Mga Uri Ng Pagsulat†Ã‚  StudyMode. com. 01 2011. 01 2011 http://www. studymode. com/essays/Mga-Uri-Ng-Pagsulat-561134. html. How to cite How Can Global Thinking Support You?, Essay examples

Mozart Essays (1839 words) - Mozart Family, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) was born in Salzburg in Austria, the son of Leopold, Kapellmeister to the Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg. By the age of three he could play the piano, and he was composing by the time he was five; minuets from this period show remarkable understanding of form. Mozart's elder sister Maria Anna (best known as Nannerl) was also a gifted keyboard player, and in 1762 their father took the two prodigies on a short performing tour, of the courts at Vienna and Munich. Encouraged by their reception, they embarked the next year on a longer tour, including two weeks at Versailles, where the children enchanted Louis XV. In 1764 they arrived in London. Here Mozart wrote his first three symphonies, under the influence of Johann Christian Bach, youngest son of Johann Sebastian, who lived in the city. After their return to Salzburg there followed three trips to Italy between 1769 and 1773. In Rome Mozart heard a performance of Allegri's Misere; the score of this work was closely guarded, but Mozart managed to transcribe the music almost perfectly from memory. On Mozart's first visit to Milan, his opera Mitridate, r? di Ponto was successfully produced, followed on a subsequent visit by Lucia Silla. The latter showed signs of the rich, full orchestration that characterizes his later operas. A trip to Vienna in 1773 failed to produce the court appointment that both Mozart and his father wished for him, but did introduce Mozart to the influence of Haydn, whose Sturm und Drang string quartets (Opus 20) had recently been published. The influence is clear in Mozart's six string quartets, K168-173, and in his Symphony in G minor, K183. Another trip in search of patronage ended less happily. Accompanied by his mother, Mozart left Salzburg in 1777, travelling through Mannheim to Paris. But in July 1778 his mother died. Nor was the trip a professional success: no longer able to pass for a prodigy, Mozart's reception there was muted and hopes of a job came nothing. Back in Salzburg Mozart worked for two years as a church organist for the new archbishop. His employer was less kindly disposed to the Mozart family than his predecessor had been, but the composer nonetheless produced some of his earliest masterpieces. The famous Sinfonia concertante for violin, violo and orchestra was written in 1780, and the following year Mozart's first great stage work, the opera Idomeneo, was produced in Munich, where Mozart also wrote his Serenade for 13 wind instruments, K361. On his return from Munich, however, the hostility brewing between him and the archbishop came to a head, and Mozart resigned. On delivering his resignation he was verbally abused and eventually, physically ejected from the archbishop's residence. Without patronage, Mozart was forced to confront the perils of a freelance existence. Initially his efforts met with some success. He took up residence in Vienna and in 1782 his opera Die Entf?hrung aus dem Serail (The abdication from the Seraglio) was produced in the city and rapturously received. The same year in Vienna's St Stephen's Cathedral Mozart married Constanze Weber. Soon afterwards he initiated a series of subscription concerts at which he performed his piano concertos and improvised at the keyboard. Most of Mozart's great piano concertos were written for these concerts, including those in C, K467, A, K488 and C minor, K491. In these concertos Mozart brought to the genre a unity and diversity it had not had before, combining bold symphonic richness with passages of subtle delicacy. In 1758 Mozart dedicated to Haydn the six string quartets that now bear Haydn's name. Including in this group are the quartets known as the Hunt, which make use of hunting calls, and the Dissonance, which opens with an eerie succession of dissonant chords. Overwhelmed by their quality, Haydn confessed to Leopold Mozart, 'Before God and as an honest man I tell you that your son is the greatest composer known to me either in person or by name.' The pieces are matched in excellence in Mozart's chamber music output only by his String Quintets, outstanding among which are those in C, K515, G minor, K516 and D, K593. Also in 178 Mozart and Lorenzo da Ponte collaborated on the first of a series of operatic masterpieces. Le nozze di Figaro (The Marriage of Figaro) was begun that year and performed in 1786 to an enthusiastic audience in Vienna and even greater acclaim later in Prague. In 1787 Prague?s National Theatre saw the premiere of Don Giovanni, a moralizing version of the Don Juan legend

Quotes From the Cynics - English Translation

Quotes From the Cynics - English Translation What is Cynicism? Courtesy of translator Giles Laurà ©n, author of The Stoics Bible from The Cynics Diogenes Laertius. Loeb Classical Library. 2 vols. From Socrates Antisthenes learned his hardihood, emulating his disregard of feeling, and he thus inaugurated the Cynic way of life.D.L.II. p.5. Id rather feel anger than feel pleasure.Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.5. We ought to make love to such women as will feel a proper gratitude.Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.5. What sort of woman should one marry? If shes beautiful, youll not have her to yourself; if shes ugly, youll pay for it dearly.Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.5. It is a royal privilege to do good and be spoken ill of.Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.5. It is better to fall in with crows than with flatterers; for in the one case you are devoured when dead and in the other case while alive.Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.7. The height of human bliss? To die happy.Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.7. As iron is eaten away by rust, so the envious are consumed by their own passion.Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.7. States are domed when they are unable to distinguish good men from bad.Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.7. When he was applauded by rascals: I am horribly afraid I have done something wrong.Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.7. It is strange that we sort the wheat from the chaff and the unfit from the fit in war, but we do not excuse evil men from the service of the state.Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.9. The advantages of philosophy? That I am able to hold converse with myself.Antisthenes.D.L.II.9. When Diogenes begged a coat from him, he bade him fold his cloak around him double.Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.9. What learning is most necessary? How to get rid of having anything to unlearn.Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.9. When men are slandered, they should endure it more courageously then if they were pelted with stones.Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.9. He recommended the Athenians to vote that asses are horses because they had generals who had no training and were merely elected.Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.9. Many men praise you. Why, what wrong have I done?Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.9. What must one do to become good and noble? You must learn from those who know the faults you have are to be avoided.Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.11. May the sons of your e nemies live in luxury!Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.11. Virtue can be taught; nobility belongs to the virtuous; virtue alone assures happiness; virtue is an affair of deeds and needs not words or learning.Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.13. The wise man is self-sufficient for all the goods of others are his.Antisthenes. D.L.II. p.13. Ill repute is a good thing and much the same as pain.Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.13. The wise man will be guided in his public acts not by the established laws but by the law of virtue.Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.13. The wise man will marry and have children with the handsomest women and he will not disdain to love since only the wise man knows who is worthy to be loved.Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.13. To the wise man, nothing is foreign or impracticable. A good man deserves to be loved. Men of worth are friends. Make allies of men who are at once both brave and just. Virtue is a weapon that cannot be taken away.Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.13. It is better to be with a handful of good men fighting against all the bad than to be with hosts of bad men fighting against a handful of good men.Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.13. Pay attention to your enemies, for they are the first to discover your mistakes.Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.13. Esteem an honest man above a kinsman.Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.13. Virtue is the same for women as for men.Antisthenes.D.L.II.p.13. Wisdom is a most sure stronghold which never crumbles away nor is betrayed. Walls of defence must be constructed by our own impregnable reasoning.Antisthenes.D.L.II. p.13. Strike, for you will find no wood hard enough to keep me away from you so long as I think you have something to teach me.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.25. By watching a mouse running about, not looking for a place to lie down, not afraid of the dark, not seeking any dainty things, Diogenes discovered the means of adapting himself to circumstances.D.L.II. p.25. For the conduct of life we need right reason or a halter.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.27. Antisthenes. PL.Mor.13.2,p.465. Men strive for many things, though few strive to be good.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.29. Diogenes was angry that men should sacrifice to the gods to ensure health and then feast to its detriment.D.L.II. p.31. We ought to stretch out our hands to our friends with the fingers open, not closed.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.31. You must obey me, although I am a slave, if a physician or a helmsman were in slavery, he would be obeyed.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.33. Alexander is reported [by Hecato] to have said: Had I not been Alexander, I should have liked to beDiogenes.D.L.II. p.35. PL.Mor.7,p.557. The word disabled ought to be applied not to the deaf or blind, but to those who have no wallet.Diogenes.D.L.I. p.35. Diogenes described himself as the sort of hound all praise, but none dare hunt with.D.L.II. p.35. You are an old man, take a rest! What? if I were running in the stadium ought I to slacken my pace when approaching the goal? Ought I not rather to put on speed?Diogenes.D.L.II. p.35. Having been invited to dinner, Diogenes declined, saying that the last time he had gone his host had not shown proper gratitude.D.L.II. p.35. Diogenes followed the example of the trainers of choruses in setting the note a li ttle high to ensure the rest would hit the right note.D.L.II. p.37. Some people are so nearly mad that a finger makes all the difference. If you go about with your middle finger stretched out people will think you mad, but if its the little finger you may be praised.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.37. On observing a child drinking from his hands he threw away his cup and remarked: A child has bested me at plain living.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.39. All things belong to the gods. The wise are friends of the gods and friends hold all things in common. Therefore all things belong to the wise.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.39 D.L.II. p.73. To a woman ungracefully kneeling before a god: Are you not afraid good woman that the god may be standing behind you, for all things are full of his presence and you may be put to shame?Diogenes.D.L.,II. p.39. To fortune oppose courage, to convention nature, to passion reason.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.41. When Alexander told him to ask any boon he liked: Stand out of my light.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.41. PL.Mor.7,p.557. It would be ludicrous if good men were to dwell in the mire while folk of no account were to live in the Isles of the Blest because they had been initiated.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.41. When mice crept on to his table: See how even Diogenes keeps parasites.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.41. When Plato called him a dog: Quite true, I return again and again to those who have sold me.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.41. Upon leaving the baths he was asked if many men were bathing and replied, no; asked if there was a great crowd of bathers he replied yes.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.43. Plato had defined man as a featherless, biped animal. Diogenes brought a plucked chicken to the lecture hall and said: Here is Platos man.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.43. The proper time for lunch? If a rich man, when you will; if a poor man when you can.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.43. Its better to be a Megarians ram than his son.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.43. He lit a lamp in daylight and went about the streets saying: I am looking for a man.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.43. On seeing a religious purification: Unhappy man, dont you know that you can no more get rid of errors of conduct by sprinklings than you can mistakes of grammar?Diogenes.D.L.II. p.45. Men pray for things which seem to them good and not for good things.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.45. There are those who are more alive to their dreams than to their real lives.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.45. When the herald proclaimed Dioxippus to be victor: over men, Diogenes protested: Nay, over slaves, I over men.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.45. On being dragged before Philip and accused of spying: Yes, a spy upon your insatiable greed.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.45. PL.Mor.7,p.561. Alexander having sent a letter to Antipater by Athlios: Graceless son of graceless sire to graceless wight by graceless squire.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.45. Perdiccas having threatened him with death if he did not come to him: Thats nothing wonderful, for a beetle or a tarantula would do the same. I would have been properly threatened if Peridiccas had suggested he would be happy at my absence.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.45. The gods have given us the means of living easily, but that this had been put out of sight by our need for luxuries.Diogenes.D.L.I I. p.47. To a man having his shoes put on by a slave: You will not attain full felicity until he wipes your nose as well and that will come when you have lost the use of your hands.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.47. When the officials of the temple led away a man who stolen a bowl: The great thieves are leading away the little thief.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.47. To a boy throwing stones at the gallows: Good work, one day youll find your mark.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.34. To a man wearing a lions skin: Leave-off dishonouring the habiliments of courage.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.47. To one commenting on Callisthenes good fortune: Not so, but ill fortune, for he must breakfast and dine when Alexander thinks fit.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.47. Being short of money, he told his friends that he asked not for alms, but for his salary.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.47. When masturbating in the market place, he wished it were as easy to relieve hunger by rubbing an empty stomach.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.47 D.L.II. p.71. PL.Mor.13.2,p.501. To a youth playing c ottabos: The better you play the worse it is for you.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.49. An ignorant rich man he called the sheep with the golden fleece.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.49. Seeing a for sale sign on the house of a profligate: I knew that after his excesses you would expel your owner.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.49. To a man who complained of being importuned: Cease to hang out a sign of invitation.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.49. Of a dirty bath: When people have bathed here, where are they to go to get clean?Diogenes.D.L.II. p.49. Diogenes alone praised a stout musician saying he was worthy for being so big and continuing to sing to his lute instead of turning brigand.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.49. To a musician who was always deserted by his audience: Hail chanticleer! Your song makes everyone rise.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.49. Hegesias asked him for one of his works: You dont choose painted figs over real ones and yet you pass over true training and apply yourself to written rules.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.51. When reproached for his exile: Nay, it was through you, you miserable fellow, that I became a ph ilosopher.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.51. The people of Sinope exiled him; he condemned them to staying home.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.51. Why are athletes so stupid? Because they are built up of pork and beef.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.51. Why are you begging from a statue? To get practice in being refused.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.51. PL.Mor.7,p.65. If you have already given to anyone else, give to me also, if not, begin with me.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.51. What bronze is best for a statue? That of which Harmodius and Aristogiton were moulded.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.51. How does Dionysius treat his friends? Like purses; so long as they are full he hangs them up and when they are empty he throws them away.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.51. The love of money is the mother of all evils.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.53. Seeing a spendthrift eating olives in a tavern: If you had breakfasted in this fashion, you would not be so dining.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.53. Good men are the images of gods and love the business of the idle.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.53. What is wretched? An old man destitute .Diogenes.D.L.II. p.53. What creature has the worst bite? Of those that are wild, the sycophants, of those that are tame, the flatterers.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.53. Ingratiating speech is honey used to choke you.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.53. The stomach is lifes Charybdis.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.53. Why is gold pale? Because it has so many thieves plotting against it.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.53. Seeing some women hanged from an olive tree. Would that every tree bore similar fruit.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.53. Do you have anyone to wait on you? No. Then who will carry you to burial? Whoever wants the house.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.55. Noticing a youth lying in an exposed position: Up man up lest some foe thrust a dart in your back.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.55. What sort of man do you consider Diogenes to be? A Socrates gone mad.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.55. The right time to marry? For a young man, not yet; for an old man, never at all.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.55. A man dressing with care: If its for men youre a fool; if for women a knave.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.55. To a blushing youth: Courage, that is the hue of virtue.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.55. After listening to two lawyers disputing and condemned them: one man had no doubt stolen, but the other had lost nothing.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.57. 118. What wine is pleasant to drink? That for which others pay.Diogenes.D.L.II. p. 57. People laugh at you: But I am not laughed down.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.57. Life is evil: Not life, but living ill.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.57. When advised to go after his runaway slave: It would be absurd if Manes can live without Diogenes, that Diogenes could not get on without Manes.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.57. What kind of hound are you? When hungry a Maltese; when full a Molossian - two breeds that most people praise, though for fear of fatigue they do not venture out hunting with them. So neither can you live with me because you are afraid of the discomforts.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.57. Why do people give to beggars and not to philosophers? Because they think that one day they may be lame or bli nd, but never expect that they will turn to philosophy.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.57. On begging to a miser who was slow to respond: My friend, its for food that Im asking, not for funeral expenses.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.59. On being rebuked for falsifying the currency: That was the time when I was such as you are now, but such as I am now you will never be.Diogenes.D.L.II. p. 59. To Myndus, a small city with large gates: Men of Myndus, bar your gates lest the city run away!Diogenes.D.L.II. p.59. In response to Craterus invitation: No, I would rather live on a few grains of salt at Athens than enjoy sumptuous fare at Crateruss table.Diogenes.D.L.II. p. 59. To Anaximenes the fat rhetorician: Let us beggars have something of your paunch; it will be a relief to you and we shall get advantage.Diogenes.D.L.II. p. 59. Being reproached for eating in the market: Well, it was in the market that I felt hungry.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.59. Plato saw him washing lettuce and said: If you had paid court to Dionysius you wouldnt now be washing lettuce. Diogenes: If you had washed lettuce you wouldnt have paid court to Dionysius.D.L.II. p.59. Most people laugh at you: And asses laugh at them, but as they do not care about asses so do I not care about them.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.61. Seeing a youth studying philosophy: Well done, Philosophy, that you divert admirers of bodily charms to the beauty of the soul.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.61. On the votive offerings at Samothrace: There would have been far more if those who were not saved had set up offerings.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.61. To a young man going out to dinner: You will come back a worse man.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.61. I will give you alms if you can persuade me: If I could persuade you I would persuade you to hang yourself.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.61. On his way from Lacedaemon to Athens: From the mens apartments to the womens.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.61. Libertines he compared to fig trees growing on a cliff whose fruit was eaten by vultures and ravens rather then by men.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.61. When a golden statue of Aphrodite was set up at Delphi: From the licentiousness of Greece.Diogenes.D.L.II . I am Alexander the Great King: and I am Diogenes the Cynic.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.63. Why are you called a Cynic? I fawn on those who give me anything, I bark at those who refuse, and I set my teeth in rascals.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.63. Handsome courtesans are like a deadly honeyed poison.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.63. A crowd gathered round when he ate in the market place calling him dog: It is you who are dogs when you stand around and watch me eat.Diogenes.D.L.II. p. 63. When two cowards slunk away from him: Dont be afraid, a Cynic is not fond of beet root.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.63. On seeing a stupid wrestler practicing medicine: What does this mean? Are you to have your revenge on those who formerly beat you?Diogenes.D.L.II. p. 63. Seeing the child of a courtesan throwing stones at a crowd: Take care you dont hit your father.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.63. A boy having shown him a dagger he had received from an admirer: A pretty blade with an ugly handle.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.63. A man was commended for givin g him a gratuity: Have you no praise for me who was worthy to receive it?Diogenes.D.L.II. p.63. A man asked if he might have his cloak back: If it was a gift I possess it and if it was a loan I am still using it.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.65. What have you gained from philosophy? This if nothing else, to be prepared for every fortune.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.65. Where are you from? I am a citizen of the world.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.65. To parents sacrificing to the gods in hopes of having a boy: But you do not sacrifice to ensure what manner of man he shall be.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.65. Being reproached for going in dirty places: The sun visits cesspools without being defiled.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.65. You dont know anything even though you are a philosopher: Even if I am a pretender to wisdom, that is philosophy.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.65. Someone brought him a child, highly gifted and of excellent character: What need then has he of me?Diogenes.D.L.II. p.67. Those who say excellent things yet fail to perform them are like harps as both have neither hearing nor perception.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.67. When he was asked why he was entering the theatre, meeting face to face everyone else as they came out: This is what I practice doing all my life.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.67. To a gay man: Are you not ashamed to make yourself less than natures intention; for nature made you a man and you play the part of a woman.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.67. To one who was ill adapted to study philosophy: Why then do you live if you do not care to live well?Diogenes.D.L.II. p.65. To one who despised his father: Are you not ashamed to despise him to whom you owe it that you can pride yourself?Diogenes.D.L.II. p.67. To a prating, handsome youth: Are you not ashamed to draw a dagger of lead from an ivory scabbard?Diogenes.D.L.II. p.67. 121. Being reproached for drinking in a tavern: Well, I also get my hair cut in a barbers shop.Diogenes.D.L.II. v.2, p.67. Many go to great pains to get what they would be better off without.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.69. To one with perfumed hair: Beware that the sweet scent on your head cause not an ill odour in your life.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.69. Bad men obey their lusts as slaves obey their masters.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.69. On seeing a bad archer he sat down in front of the target: So as to not get hit.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.69. Lovers derive their pleasures from their misfortunes.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.69. Is death evil? How can it be since in its presence we are not even aware of it?Diogenes.D.L.II. p.69. Alexander asked if he were afraid of him: Why? What are you, a good or a bad thing? A good thing. Who then is afraid of the good?Diogenes.D.L.II. p.69. Education controls the young, consoles the old and adorns the rich.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.69. The most beautiful thing in the world? Freedom of speech.Diogenes.D.L.II. p. 71. On entering a boys school he found there many statues of the Muses, but few pupils: By the help of the gods, schoolmaster, you have filled your classroom.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.71. Two kinds of training, mental and bodily, each incomplete without the other.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.71. Nothing in life has any chance of succeeding without strenuous practice and this is capable of overcoming anything.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.73. Even the despising of pleasure is pleasurable once we are habituated to it.Diogene s.D.L.II. p.73. Diogenes lives like Heracles, who preferred liberty to everything.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.73. It is impossible for society to exist without law. Without a city no benefit can be derived from what is called civilization. The city is civilised and there is no advantage in law without a city; therefore law is something civilised.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.75. Good birth and fame are the ornaments of vice.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.75. The only true commonwealth is as wide as the universe.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.75. Open union between a man who persuades and a woman who consents is better than marriage.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.75. Music, geometry, astronomy and the like studies are useless and unnecessary.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.75. What are you good for? Ruling men.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.77. Sell me to this man [Xaniades]; he needs a master!Diogenes.D.L.II. p.77. On slavery: Lions are not the slaves of those who feed them, rather, their masters are slaves to their possessions. Fear is the mark of the slave and lions do not fe ar men.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.77. Diogenes had a wonderful gift of persuasion and could easily vanquish anyone he liked in argument.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.77. It is the privilege of the gods to need nothing and of godlike men to want but little.Diogenes.D.L.II. p.109. Crates was a Theban; he was known as the Door-opener from his habit of entering into houses and admonishing those within.D.L.II. p.89. Set down for the chef ten minas, for the doctor One drachma, for the flatterer talents five, For counsel smoke, for mercenary beauty A talent, for the philosopher three obols.Crates.D.L.II. p.89. That much I have which I have learnt and thought, The noble lessons taught me by the Muses; But wealth amassed is prey to vanity.Crates.D.L.II. p.89. What have you gained from philosophy? A quirt of lupins and to care for no one.Crates.D.L.II. p.91. Hunger stops love, or, if not hunger, Time, Or, failing both of these means of help, a halter.Crates.D.L.II. p.91. In summer-time a thick cloak he would wear To be like Crates, and in w inter rags.Philemon.D.L.II. p.91. Diocles relates how Diogenes persuaded Crates to give up his fields to sheep pasture and throw into the sea any money he had. In the home of Crates, Alexander is said to have lodged.D.L.II. p.91. The marriage of intrigue and adultery belongs to tragedy, having exile or assassination for its rewards; those who take up with courtesans are subjects for comedy since drunkenness and extravagance end in madness.Crates.D.L.II. p.93. Crates brother Pasicles, was a disciple of Euclides.D.L.II. p.93. It is impossible to find a man free from flaws; just as with the pomegranate, one seed is always going bad.Crates.D.L.II. p.93. We should study philosophy to the point of seeing generals as mere monkey drivers.Crates.D.L.II. p.95. Those who live with flatters are no safer than calves in the midst of wolves; neither have any to protect them and only such as plot against them.Crates.D.L.II. p.95. When Alexander asked if he would like his native city rebuilt: Why should it be? Another Alexander will come along and destroy it again.Crates.D.L.II. p. 97. Ignominy and Poverty are my country which Fortune can never take captive. I am a fellow citizen with Diogenes who defied all plots of envy.Crates.D.L.II. p. 97. Wearing a cloak youll go about with me, As once with Cynic Crates went his wife: His daughter too, as he himself declared, He gave in marriage for a month on trial.Menander. Twin Sisters.D.L.II. p.97. When he burned his own works: Phantoms are these of dreams o the world below.Metrocles.D.L.II. p.99. Do you suppose that I have been ill-advised, if instead of wasting further time on the loom, I have spent it on education?Hipparchia.D.L.II. p.101.

Definition and Examples of Denominal Nouns

Definition and Examples of Denominal Nouns A denominal  noun  is a noun that is formed from another noun, usually by adding a suffixsuch as villager (from village), New Yorker (from New York), booklet (from book), limeade (from lime), lectureship (from lecture), and librarian (from library). Many denominal nouns are context sensitive (see Contextual Constructions, below). Examples and Observations Nouns like Nixonite, bicycler, and saxophonist are formed from concrete nouns like Nixon, bicycle, and saxophone by derivation. There is a plethora of idiomatic cases of this sort in English, but what innovative examples mean can vary enormously from one occasion to the next, depending on certain cooperative measures between the speaker and addressees. Each has an unlimited number of possible meanings, or so it appears. Denominal nouns, then, although they have stricter requirements than, say, possessives or compound nouns, are also contextual expressions. (Herbert H. Clark, Arenas of Language Use. Univ. of Chicago Press, 1992)The fact that a denominal noun is not the result of a direct derivation from the action itself may explain the difficulties in interpreting denominal formations. The meaning of denominal nouns may not be directly related to the action performed by the referent... (Alexander Haselow, Typological Changes in the Lexicon: Analytic Tendencies in English Noun Formati on. Walter de Gruyter, 2011) Contextual Constructions Contextual constructions arent merely ambiguous, having a small fixed set of conventional meanings. They have in principle an infinity of potential non-conventional interpretations, each built around a conventional meaning of the word or words it is derived from...  Contextual constructions rely on an appeal to contextto the participants common ground. They always require non-conventional coordination for their interpretation. (Herbert H. Clark, Using Language. Cambridge University Press, 1996) Deverbals and Denominals: Nouns Formed With the Suffix -ant Let us turn to the deverbal person noun forming affix -ant (defendant), which denotes a personal or material agent. . . . [P]ossible verbal bases involve those ending in -ify, -ize, -ate, and -en. A look at Lehnert (1971) and the OED shows that, almost without exception . . ., these verbs are subject to the domain of agentive noun forming -er/or. The rival suffix -ant has a somewhat peculiar distribution, since its attachment is partly lexically governed (i.e. unproductive) and partly rule-governed and productive. In the semantically distinguishable domains of medical/pharmaceutical/chemo-technical and legal/corporate jargon, -ant can be used productively to form words denoting substances and persons, respectively, as evidenced by the following examples disinfectant, repellant, consultant, accountant, defendant, to mention only a few. (Ingo Plag, Morphological Productivity: Structural Constraints in English Derivation. Mouton de Gruyter, 1999) Related Reading AffixAffixationAnthimeriaContextConversion Denominal Adjective  and  Denominal Verb DerivationNeologismNominalizationVerbingWord Formation